Getting Older
As we get older, the eyes much like the rest of the body have an increased risk of degeneration that can threaten vision. Eye conditions such as cataracts, macular degeneration and glaucoma are more prevalent. Once we reach 65 years of age it is strongly recommended to have an eye examination every year or more frequently if clinically required to assess for any changes as they can be subtle and you may not notice a gradual change.
Cataracts are a condition when the lens in the eye opacifies often as a nuclear cataract which involves the centre of the lens as well as cortical opacities which are often spoke-like and closer to the surface. Posterior sub-capsular cataracts may also occur due to taking certain medications such as anti-inflammatory steroids or if you are Diabetic.1 Cataract surgery with a timely referral to an ophthalmologist is largely recommended that can greatly improve vision and there are many options for intra-ocular lenses including multifocal lenses.
Macular degeneration is an eye condition that affects the central part of the retina and can largely affect your central vision. It may begin clinically as the appearance of drusen or deposits in the macular and traditionally termed the “dry” form and can progress to the “wet” form that involves the formation of new blood vessels that have walls that leak fluid and can dramatically affect central vision. In the early stages of macular degeneration diet changes and taking supplements that may include zinc and selenium are recommended to delay the progression of macular degeneration. 1 A diet that is rich in green, leafy vegetables, nuts, fruit and oily fish such as salmon is recommended. 2 If there is signs of what is termed macular oedema or fluid within the macular a referral to an ophthalmologist is required and an Anti-VEGF injection regime is often initiated. 2
Glaucoma involves the loss of nerves in the retina and can be seen at the optic nerve where the nerves collect and progress to the brain. As optometrists we assess intra-ocular pressures which you may think of as the “puff’ test and if the pressures are higher than normal you are at an increased risk of glaucoma. Also assessing the appearance of the optic nerves is important, often with digital retinal imaging to assess for any subtle changes as I do here at The Eyecare Spot. A computerised visual field test may be clinically required to determine any losses or changes to your peripheral vision which may be subtle initially and not noticeable to you in the early stages. This can also be done here at The Eyecare Spot. If you have a family history of glaucoma and other factors such as advanced age and being short-sighted can increase your risk of glaucoma which can be treated with eye-drops or surgery may be required with an ophthalmologist. 1 It is vitally important to diagnose glaucoma early to avoid irreversible vision loss.
Regular eye examinations are strongly recommended to maintain excellent eye health and vision and I look forward to seeing you.
Rhee, D.J & Pyfer, M.F. (1999) The Wills Eye Manual (3rd Edition).
Macular Disease Foundation Australia Website.
